Cardiovascular Disease May Be Triggered by Gut Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites, Gut Wall Reactions, and Inflammation L Carnitine: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects Lifespan Research Institute Intestinal microbiota metabolism of l carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis Nature Medicine Dietary supplementation of l carnitine ameliorates metabolic syndrome independent of trimethylamine N oxide produced by gut microbes in high fat diet induced obese mice Food & Function (RSC Publishing) Microbiome derived carnitine mimics as previously unknown mediators of gut brain axis communication Science Advances TMAO biosynthesis. L carnitine and choline are derived from the diet Download Scientific Diagram