l Carnitine pretreatment ameliorates heat stress induced acute kidney injury by restoring mitochondrial function of tubular cells American Journal of Physiology Renal Physiology American Physiological Society Creatine Monohydrate vs Creatine Charge: Which to Choose? L Carnitine: Benefits, Side Effects, And Dosage, Per Dietitians 5 Effective Supplements For You Geary Rehabilitation & Fitness Center Trimethylamine N Oxide From Gut Microbiota in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Focus on Diet Journal of Renal Nutrition L carnitine is a naturally occurring amino acid structure that is made in the human brain, liver, and kidneys. L carnitine plays a critical role in energy production, as it converts fat into energy.