Intestinal microbiota metabolism of l carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis Nature Medicine Identification of TMAO producer phenotype and hostdietgut dysbiosis by carnitine challenge test in human and germ free mice Gut Comparison of short term and long term effects of peroral L carnitine intake: clinical implications of elevated TMAO levels in cardiovascular complications Frontiers The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N oxide and cardiovascular diseases Dietary allicin reduces transformation of L carnitine to TMAO through impact on gut microbiota ScienceDirect Carnitine metabolism in the human gut: characterization of the two component carnitine monooxygenase CntAB from Acinetobacter baumannii Journal of Biological Chemistry