Frontiers Impact of in utero electronic cigarette exposure on neonatal neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function New study shows common vape ingredients deform fetal mouse skulls. Even if they are nicotine free. Researchers at The Ohio State University, led by anatomist James Cray, exposed pregnant mice to the base Sex specific alterations in pulmonary metabolic, xenobiotic and lipid signalling pathways after e cigarette aerosol exposure during adolescence in mice BMJ Open Respiratory Research Where There's Vapor, Is There Fire? We Need Evidence on E Cigarettes RAND EcigAero Aerosol Exposure for Rat & Mouse Braintree Scientific Lab Research Products E cigarette aerosol exposure can cause craniofacial defects in Xenopus laevis embryos and mammalian neural crest cells PLOS One